The past half-century has witness remarkable growth in food production, allowing for a dramatic decrease in the proportion of the world's people that are hungry, despite a doubling of the total population. Nevertheless, more than one in seven people today still do not have access to sufficient protein and energy from their diet, and even more suffer from some form of micronutrient malnourishment. The world is now facing a new set of intersecting challenges. The global population will continue to grow, yet it is likely to plateau at some 9 billion people by roughly the middle of this century.
A major correlate of this deceleration in population growth is increased wealth, and with higher purchasing power comes higher consumption and a greater demand for processed food, meat, dairy, and fish, all of which add pressure to the food supply system. At the same time, food producers are experiencing greater competition for land, water, and energy, and the need to curb the many negative effects of food production on the environment is becoming increasingly clear. Overarching all of these issues is the threat of the effects of substantial climate change and concerns about how mitigation and adaptation measures may affect the food system.
In order for economic growth to enhance the nutrition of the neediest, the poor must participate in the growth process and its benefits: (i) Growth needs to involve and reach the poor; (ii) the poor need to use the additional income for improving the quantity and quality of their diets and for improved health services; and (iii) governments need to use additional public resources for public goods and services to benefit the poor and hungry.
Agricultural growth is particularly effective in reducing hunger and malnutrition. Most of the extremely poor depend on agriculture and related activities for a significant part of their livelihoods. Agricultural growth involving smallholders, especially women, will be most effective in reducing extreme poverty and hunger when it would increase returns to labor and would generate employment for the poor.
Bangladesh, though a developing country, is one of the world's most densely populated countries with 165 million people, more than 70% of which are the part of rural Bangladesh while 31.5% of whom live below the national poverty line. Poverty in Bangladesh is primarily a 'rural phenomenon', with 53% of its rural population classified as poor, comprising about 85% of the country's poor.
Despite important economic progress (GDP Growth rate 6.5% in 2011), the country remains highly food-insecured. For people in most developing countries, the daily calorie average is 2,828 where as in Bangladesh, that average is only 2,318. Out of the total energy intake, 76% comes from cereals (Std. 55%), 17% from non-cereal plant sources (Std. 30%), and 6% (Std. 15%) from animal sources.
Poverty, hunger and malnutrition hinder children's access to education and ability to learn. Although Bangladesh has made encouraging progress in terms of net enrolment rates and achieved gender parity in primary education, major problems remain in terms of completion and drop-out rates, particularly for girls from extreme poor families. An estimated 3.3 million children remain out of school, and only 55% of those in school will complete primary education (UNICEF 2009).
The economy of Bangladesh needs a comprehensive approach to reduce serious problem of high rate of unemployment & poverty, income inequality and malnutrition and it has already been identified that protein deficiency from animal origin is taken as the major contributory factor in malnutrition or undernourishment. For nearly 45% of the rural population, who are already landless or functionally landless (owning less than 0.05 acre of land), and a majority of the new labor force every year, a declining land base and a small urban employment means that employment in the rural non-farm sector presents the best chance to escape poverty.
However, growth of Agricultural or Agro-industrial sector will need to come from diversification into high-value crop and non-crop activities and value addition in the agro-processing sector, including storage, processing and marketing. Vertical & horizontal expansion in the agro industrial sector has been identified as the quickest remedies to those prolonged crises. This will require reforming the agricultural research and extension systems, and financial and other regulations.
The lack of easily accessible markets and collusion by the traders pose significant constraints in both agricultural input and output markets. Marketing margins are high relative to services provided. Lack of market information and infrastructure, the poor law and order situation, the existence of syndicates, and collection of illegal tolls further aggravate the situation. Moreover, the growth of this sector is constrained by lack of or poor quality of rural infrastructure and services, highly centralized government framework, weak rural financial systems, and a poor law and order situation.

To be brief, a substantial amount of Bangladeshi people is malnourished, uneducated & unemployed. The most of the places in Bangladesh are underdeveloped and markets are poorly structured, business finances are highly inaccessible. Moreover, Bangladesh is the one of most vulnerable states of our planet due to global climate change in the world according to German Watchb’s Global Climate Risk Index (CRI) of 2011. Projected climatic changes and rise in the sea level are likely to worsen the situation.